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Voodoo (opera)
''Voodoo'' is an opera in three acts with music and libretto by Harry Lawrence Freeman. A product of the Harlem Renaissance, it was first performed with piano accompaniment as a radio broadcast on May 20, 1928. The first staged performance with orchestra took place on September 10, 1928 at the Palm Garden (a temporary name for the 52nd Street Theatre) in New York City.〔Although ''Voodoo'' was billed as "the first American opera composed by an African American" (''New York Amsterdam News'' (September 5, 1928), p. 6), Scott Joplin's ''A Guest of Honor'' was written earlier and performed in 1903 (the score is lost). Although Freeman had written his first opera in 1891, the Joplin opera is thus far the earliest known opera by an African American composed ''and performed''.〕
== History ==
Freeman was a talented African American musician, becoming assistant church organist at age 10. A seminal moment in his life was seeing Richard Wagner's opera ''Tannhäuser''. In 1891, at age 18, he completed his first opera. He continued to compose numerous operas during much of his life.〔(H. Lawrence Freeman Papers, 1870-1982, Series I: Musical scores, Rare Book and Manuscript Library Collections, Columbia University Libraries. )〕
In several articles concerning ''Voodoo'', the ''New York Amsterdam News'' varied its reportage of the time Freeman had spent on composing the opera. Initially, the paper said "Although Professor Freeman has been prepared for years for the opportunity to present the negro in opera he has had to bide his time."〔"''Voodoo'' at 52nd Street Sept. 10," ''New York Amsterdam News'' (August 29, 1928), p. 7.〕 After the opera had closed, the paper said that Freeman had been working on the opera for two years.〔"Lawrence Freeman's Opera," ''New York Amsterdam News'' (September 19, 1928), p. 16.〕 The paper corrected itself later when it reported that he had completed the opera in 1914.〔Dave Peyton, "The Musical Bunch—Freeman's Jazz Opera," ''Chicago Defender'' (September 29, 1928), p. 6.〕 (The finding aid for Freeman's papers at Columbia University indicates a vocal score dated 1912.)〔
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